Over time, its meaning in Europe has been refined to emphasize more general social and moral virtues. Originally, the term referred only to horse-mounted men, from the French word for horse, cheval, but later it became associated with knightly ideals. The term "chivalry" derives from the Old French term chevalerie, which can be translated as " horse soldiery". It arose in the Carolingian Empire from the idealisation of the cavalryman-involving military bravery, individual training, and service to others-especially in Francia, among horse soldiers in Charlemagne's cavalry.
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The code of chivalry that developed in medieval Europe had its roots in earlier centuries. All of these were taken as historically accurate until the beginnings of modern scholarship in the 19th century. The ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature, particularly the literary cycles known as the Matter of France, relating to the legendary companions of Charlemagne and his men-at-arms, the paladins, and the Matter of Britain, informed by Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, written in the 1130s, which popularized the legend of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table.
It was associated with the medieval Christian institution of knighthood knights' and gentlemen's behaviours were governed by chivalrous social codes.
Konrad von Limpurg as a knight being armed by his lady in the Codex Manesse (early 14th century)Ĭhivalry, or the chivalric code, is an informal and varying code of conduct developed between 11.
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